ABSTRACT
Background: Pulmonary fissures are invaginations of the visceral pleura that extend from the outer surface of thelung into its substance. The fissures are grouped into normal and accessory fissures . The oblique fissure andhorizontal fissures are the normal pulmonary fissures which may be complete, incomplete or absent. Incompletepulmonary fissures are considered to be markers of collateral ventilation. They play a significant role indetermining clinical response following valve replacement surgery in emphysematous patients. The Accessoryfissures occurring within an individual lobe may be confused with other lesions such as linear atelectasis,pleural scar. Knowledge of the variations in the pulmonary fissures is useful for clinical interpretation. It is inthis regards that this study was undertaken to assess the morphology of pulmonary fissures.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 60 formalin preserved adult human lungs (32 right, 28 left)of unknown age and sex obtained during dissection of embalmed cadavers for undergraduate teaching inDepartment of Anatomy, Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital. The anatomical classification proposed byCraig and Walker is followed to determine the completeness of pulmonary fissures . Four grades of fissures havebeen described. Grade 1- complete fissure with entirely separate lobes. Grade 2- complete visceral cleft butparenchymal fusion at the base of the fissure. Grade 3 - visceral cleft evident for a part of the fissure. Grade 4 -complete fusion of lobes with no evident fissure line. The data was tabulated and analysed using descriptivestatistics. The study was undertaken after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee.Results: Oblique fissure was incomplete in 13.33% of the right lungs while horizontal fissure was found to beincomplete in 30% of the right lungs. Horizontal fissure was found to be absent in 2 (3.33%) of the right lungs. Asuperior accessory fissure in the lower lobe separating the upper part of the lobe from the rest of the basalsegments was found in one right lung .Conclusions: The present study shows that the horizontal fissure is more frequently incomplete or absent whencompared to the oblique fissure in the right lung. Superior accessory fissure in the lower lobe of a right lung wasobserved in 1 (1.66%) specimen. Knowledge of the varying degrees of completeness of pulmonary fissures andaccessory fissures is essential to avoid misinterpretation of radiological signs
ABSTRACT
The aim is to evaluate the effect of McInnes bleaching agent on the microhardness of enamel before and after bleaching and to evaluate the effect of G C Tooth Mousse on the bleached enamel surface for its microhardness. The materials and methods used are McInnes bleaching solution, Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate CCP-ACP (G C Tooth mousse) artificial saliva (Dept. of Oral Pathology, GDC Bellary), deionized water, Vickers’ Micro Hardness tester (Zwick/ZHV, Germany), freshly extracted teeth, cold cure acrylic, Diamond disc (Horico–PFINGST New Jersey, USA, KAVO-Germany), straight handpiece (kavopecareta) and plastic moulds (6.5 × 2 mm2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare microhardness of the sound enamel surface by Vickers’ Hardness Number (VHN) before and after bleaching with McInnes solution, and to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (G C Tooth Mousse) on the bleached enamel surface for its microhardness. The data obtained from the test were subjected for statistical analysis and are presented as range, mean and standard deviation. P value of 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance. The changes in microhardness at different times of assessment were analyzed using the paired ‘t’ test. The results of all the samples showed decrease in the microhardness after two cycles of bleaching, though immediately after bleaching the decrease in the microhardness was not significant (P = 0.34). However, after the second cycles, it showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the microhardness. After application of remineralization solution (GC Tooth mousse), the samples showed a marginal increase in the microhardness (P<0.05) after seven days and a marked increase after fourteen days (P<0.001).McInnes bleaching agent does decrease the microhardness of enamel by causing enamel demineralization and GC Tooth mousse used in the study causes an increase in the microhardness of bleached enamel by maintaining a high gradient of calcium and phosphate ions at the enamel subsurface.
ABSTRACT
Nosocomial oral myiasis, though a rare entity, do occur under certain circumstances. Early diagnosis and treatment of such conditions prevent further damage/complication, especially in patients who are in intensive care. Dentists, in co-ordination with other medical faculty, play an important role in managing such infections. Further, a greater emphasis should be paid for maintaining better hygiene in public places and in the vicinity of the hospital. This paper is an attempt to illustrate the rare occurrence of oral myiasis that was hospital acquired. Only one case has been reported till now following a search through pubmed.